SPORTS

 SPORTS

A sport is a physical, athletic activity or skill and competition that people do for fun and as a way to compete with others. Every sport has a set of rules that the players follow. In some sports one person competes against other individuals. Examples of these sports include boxing, wrestling, gymnastics, figure skating, diving, pole vaulting, long jumping, and horseback riding. Sports also can be organized or unorganized. Children who get together for neighborhood football games are playing unorganized sports. No organization controls their games. In organized sports athletes play for a school, a business, a club, a community, or some other organization. The organization schedules games and enforces the rules of the sport. Organized sports can be amateur or professional. Amateur athletes do not get paid for participating in a sport. Professional athletes play for money. In team sports a group of people plays against another group, or team. A team may have as few as two members, or it may have many members. A doubles team in tennis has two players. Five players make up a basketball team. An ice hockey team has six players, and a baseball team has nine. Eleven players make up a football, soccer, or cricket team.

Short History

No one can say when sports began. Since it is impossible to imagine a time when children did not spontaneously run races or wrestle, it is clear that children have always included sports in their play, but one can only speculate about the emergence of sports as autotelic physical contests for adults. Since ancient times people have run races, wrestled, and hunted for sport. Ancient people in many parts of the world also played games with balls. In some ancient cultures sports were a part of religious practices. This was especially true of the Greek Olympic Games, which began in 776 BC. The ancient Greeks played these games to honor their gods. The ancient Romans related athletic games to military skills, not religion. They did such sports as boxing, wrestling, chariot racing, and throwing spear like sticks called javelins. After ancient times people continued to play sports, but they were usually unorganized. Organized sports became more common in the 1700s and 1800s. People created leagues and other organizations to control athletic competitions. They also wrote down sets of rules for different sports.